1950

12th
April

PASTORAL LETTER OF THE PHILIPPINE (ECCLESIASTICAL) HIERARCHY OF THE READING OF A FORBIDDEN BOOK

1950, 1950's, Documents

PASTORAL LETTER OF THE PHILIPPINE (ECCLESIASTICAL) HIERARCHY OF THE READING OF A FORBIDDEN BOOK

To the Very Rev. Rectors of Universities, Colleges and Catholic Schools;

To all the Faithful of Our Respective Jurisdictions:

Most beloved Sons and Daughters in the Lord:

Our Lord Jesus Christ, on shedding his divine beloved on the Cross, fulfilled to the letter what he said before to his Apostles: “And I – once I am lifted up from earth – will draw all men to myself.”  (Jn. XII, 32) that was the moment in which the prince of this world was cast out, so that, with the clouds that enveloped humanity dissipated, men moved with the freedom which infuses the virtue of Truth and the ineffable attraction of love.  To the kingdom of the prince of darkness followed the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, and to the society of the oppressed under the slavery of sin and of death, followed the society of those redeemed by the blood of the Divine Redeemer.

That Kingdom which goes beyond all frontiers of time and of space, as it is the kingdom of truth and of justice, the kingdom of Jesus Christ in souls, anxious for light and for infinite happiness which ahs its roots on earth and bears nature fruits in eternity; that kingdom, through its long course of triumphs over souls, it stumbles always with the obstacles of a cruel Sadducism afraid of seeing itself disturbed in the happiness of its well-being and its riches, of a proud Phariseeism that is not resigned to give up its teaching, apparently incontestable, of a gross sensualism which completely ignores the joys and satisfactions of the spirit.  It is the light that shines in the midst of darkness of which the Evangelist St. John says as: “The darkness that does not succeed in obfuscating it (Jn. I, 5 – The light shines on in darkness, a darkness that did not overcome it).

But we have the testimony of Jesus Christ himself which guarantees clearly the triumph of light.  In Chapter XVI of St. Matthew, He gave a name to that divine kingdom and called it “his church” to which He guaranteed final triumph with these words: “You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell will not prevail against it.”  That Church which tolerates to grow in its bosom the weeds among the wheat and the venomous fish mixed with the edible, has received the power to distinguish the pernicious elements and the certainty to preserve the good element from the corrupt and contagious.  Because Jesus Christ himself who gave to Peter the solidity of immovable foundation, gave him too the fullness of powers to teach, to judge, to condemn and to absolve.  “I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, everything you bind on earth shall also be bound in Heaven, and everything you unbind on earth shall also be unbound in Heaven.”  He is the faithful steward who holds all the keys of the Church edifice.   Jesus Christ gave this faculty to the Prince of the Apostles, because in his infinite wisdom, he had decided to put in his hands and to those of his successors the continuation of his redemptive work.  “Go, he said to Peter and to the rest of the apostles on day of the Ascension, go and teach all nations”; and, responding to that mission, the apostles “went to all corners, teaching and confirming his doctrine with accompanying miracles.” (Mac. XVI, 15-20).

That authority and that mission entrusted by Jesus Christ to Peter and to the other Apostles is perpetuated in the successor of peter who is the Roman Pontiff and in the Bishops who receive directly form the Roan Pontiff, the fullness or plenitude of spiritual faculty and who, like the apostles, have been put by the Holy Spirit to govern the Church of God.  That authority is not only a prerogative and an honor, it is, above all, a mandate that carries with it, a very grave responsibility, or had already been expressed by the Apostle St. Paul speaking to the priests of Miletus: “Keep watch over yourselves, and over the whole flock the Holy Spirit has given you to guard.  Shepherd the Church of God which he has acquired at the price of his own blood (Acts XX, 28).

We would like, beloved sons, to let your attention pause on these authoritative words of the Apostle to show you the foundation that supports the zeal with which we always and at all occasions strive to obtain your spiritual welfare to the best of our ability, your material and temporal welfare; but that same zeal moves us to ponder more on the works which, like a shout of alarm, is directed, by continuation to the Bishops of Miletus: “I know that when I am gone, savage values will come among you who will not spare the flock.  From among your own number, men will present themselves distorting the truth and leading astray any who follow them” (Act. XX, 29-30) and, in those works that stimulated the vigilance of his disciple Timothy, from the very start the Bishop of Ephesus: “For the time will come when people will not tolerate sound doctrine, but following their own desire, will surround themselves with teachers who tickle their ears.  They will stop listening to the truth and will wonder off to fables”.  The Apostle had learned in his struggles against the enemies of the Church, that their method of proselytizing among the faithful of Jesus Christ, convicted in starting to say pernicious things against authority to bring it down (to disrepute) after which it was easy for them to separate (those affected/influenced from the truth and lead them to the errors and venomous fallacious of their doctrine.

It is not true that in our times we are also witnesses, and even interested party of such struggles which the Apostle demanded!  In our days efforts are multiplied to lead astray the intelligence of the faithful, particularly that of the young, obliging them to imbibe in the study of reading materials that Church authority undoubtedly classifies as dangerous/pernicious.  We refer to the effort being exerted to introduce in high schools as reference reading the book entitled “Pride of the Malay Race”; a book “tendentiously despising the institutions of the Catholic Church and detrimental to the spiritual health of the faithful”.  Well, the judgment pronounced by Ecclesiastical Authority, they have responded with inaccurate assertions based on diluting, as much as possible, the right assisting said authority to intervene in matters they say are not within its competence.  It is said that such judgment, which for Catholics should be beyond appeal, it is an attempt against the rights of the State, it is offensive to the freedom of individuals and a sucker to the progress of culture and of science.  This is not the most lamentable.  Many Catholics, fascinated by the obscure light of Sophism and of error, unhesitatingly separate themselves from same teaching and, as the Apostle says: “For the time will come when people will not tolerate sound doctrine, but, following their own desires, will surround themselves with teachers who tickle their ears.” (II Tim. IV, 3).

REASON FOR OUR INTERVENTION

In the midst of the confusion they wanted to sow, in connection with the topic that calls our attention, we have to be aware of the danger of damnation in which the souls of the faithful are, and we consider it an obligation, as representatives of the Church of Jesus Christ, as the pillar and foundation of truth, to raise our voice as Pastors of souls, the spiritual and eternal fate of which had been entrusted to us.  Like the Prophet Ezekiel in the Old Testament, the Lord tells us as Pastors of his Church: “I placed you as a guard to the house of Israel.  You will listen, therefore, to the word that comes from me and you will have to admonish them on my behalf.  When the just deviates from his justice and does (something) bad, he will die because you did not admonish him; moreover, his blood is shed by your hand.  And if you admonish the just so that he did not sin and will not sin, he, definitely, will live as he was admonished; and you will have freed your soul.”  It is, therefore, fidelity to our sacred duty, and even more so the love for Christ, which impels and stimulates us to place before you the path of truth.

No Attempt Against the Rights of the State

Let it not be said that compliance with our duties implies any attempt against the rights of the state.  As successors of the Apostles whom the Divine Saviour sent to preach and to teach all nations “everything insofar as He commanded them” (Mt. XXVIII, 20), We, the Bishops of the Philippines cannot ignore that one of the precepts of Jesus Christ, which forms the very principal part among the teachings of the Church, it is to give to Caesar the things belonging to Caesar and to God the things belonging to God: that this principle establishes the distinction between the two powers, each supreme in its corresponding order and which fixes the relationships that should exist between both powers for the welfare and prosperity of Christian society.  Well, the Supreme Pontiff Leo XIII writes: Nothing can be more strange to the Church of Jesus Christ that in everything it is always guided by the spirit of charity than opposition to political power with which it exerts effort to work together to attain the common good.” (Annum ingressi sumus, 19 March 1902)

But neither do we also ignore the spiritual interests the Church strives to promote to obtain primacy over material and temporal interests that the state teaches and promotes.  This does not mean that there exists conflict and opposition between genuine temporal welfare promulgated by the State and spiritual welfare promulgated by the Church.  Both have their origin in the fountain of infinite Goodness which is God, from which it is given to us to participate in this world and in the next.  The difference is in the different way both powers indicate to obtain them: the Church indicates the path of the Divine Law, while the Civil Power indicates that of the civil and positive law.  Both also have their beginning in eternal law, have both lead or should lead to the same end which is the common good.  Only in the case when human law is presented, not as an expression of natural law which is the same eternal law imbedded in human reason, but as an expression of caprice or the will of man, can there be conflict between the good strived for by the State and the good proposed and which the Church strives to attain; in this case choice is not hard to make: between what is ordered by Divine Law and what is required by purely human law, (it is) “better for us to obey God than man” (Act. V,29).

The Rights of Freedom

Definitely, in a democracy like ours, freedom has inalienable and intangible rights.  We say, however, that this inappreciable gift which confers on man the dominion of his activity and of him himself, is not an attribute that he received from democracy but is the innate and natural result of his rational nature.  It is an inestimable and terrible gift, freedom can lead man, when he is guided by the light of reason to attain the moral good and by it, to attain the highest good for which he had been created.  But it can also pull him down to evil, to the disturbance of common good and eternal condemnation.  Hence, you have to distinguish between natural freedom which belongs to all rational beings and moral freedom which is brought about by law and by conscience and has its main support and strength in grace.  Moral freedom does not consist in the faculty and the right to choose between good and evil but in the faculty to choose between various goods the better and the more appropriate to arrive at the acquisition of the supreme good that makes up the final end/purpose of man.

Thru this can be understood what in our position is freedom.  If by freedom is understood the faculty and the right as one pleases, going beyond all norms and ignoring all controls concerning all attractions of vice and of disorder, then we cannot but condemn it, as the Church does; but, if by freedom is understood the limitless faculty to work in conformity with the norms of Eternal Law and of natural law which is its expression created in the reason of man, then that inappreciable gift will always find in us its strongest and definite defenders.

Freedom of Teaching and Risks for the Young

In our days is proposed the right to know everything, to know all, nothing should be put as an obstacle, according to a sufficient general feeling, to the rights and to the autonomy of reason and of intelligence.  It does not matter, however, that those who so think, as Pope Leo XIII teaches “is absurd in thinking that right which is a moral faculty granted to man by nature itself ought to be extended in an equal way to truth and to deceit, to honesty and to vice.” (Enc. Libertas.)

Human intelligence is ordained to truth as its purpose and perfection and therefore, anything against truth should be banished as contrary to the natural inclination which man feels towards his perfection and development.  And, if this is certain when it is spoken of in general, it is much more so when it deals with the youth who are incapable of judging by themselves and are easily guided and convinced by the authority of a teacher.  From it (arises) the tremendous responsibility contracted by teachers who strive to imbue the souls of boys and of the young with dangerous ideas or of putting into their hands reading materials in which are hidden immorality or error.  For those boys what the book says shall be true and what our teachers direct shall be the better norm of conduct.  Over the conscience of such teachers and of authors of such books will always weigh the conduct and the ulterior destinies of the disciples; and that annoying weight is what the Divine Savior wanted (us) to understand when he said to his disciples: “…It would be better for anyone who leads astray one of those little ones who believe in Me, to be drowned by a millstone around his neck, in the depths of the sea.” (Mt. XVIII, 6)

Conclusion

In a Catholic nation like our beloved Philippines, it is pretended to propose as worthy and ideal to the youth and to all the inhabitants of the Archipelago the undeniable national hero, Jose Rizal, one of the glorious pillars, for a limited sector of society, that he had been and died a mason; which is to say, a member of a sect expressly condemned by the Church.  For that purpose, they wanted to put at their disposal, in the hands of boys in high school the biography of the hero entitled “Pride of the Malay Race.”

History has demonstrated, though, that if it is true that our hero had, for sometime, walked in the path of error, he had, in the end, the courage, inspired and assisted by grace, to enter the path of truth which is what really makes man dignified.  His return to light, far from discrediting him, far from belittling his merits, did not do anything but make him a giant in the esteem of sensible human beings for whom (his change) did not mean vileness but valor and greatness of soul, a generous resolve of reintegration with the lost path of truth and of goodness.

Nevertheless, the truth of Rizal’s retraction is denied in that book, not to augment the greatness of the hero but, obviously to protect the prestige of the sect.  To justify that negation, it has not been denied that (they) condemned as fake the testimonies of honorable people whom they limited to a day to tell simply the truth of the facts; they have launched against that same ecclesiastical authority the accusation of having forged a document that has not existed; they tried, in short, to spread discredit of the authority to obtain more easily the purpose sought and desired.

This discredit of the authorities of the Church, together with the desire of putting as an ideal for Catholics, a champion of masonry, is what, at first glance is discovered in the insistence of introducing in schools the book in question, and therefore, complying with our duty to watch over the spiritual welfare of the faithful, we prohibit the reading of said book, in its Spanish original or in its English translation, to all the faithful of our respective jurisdictions, under grave sin (except that which is excused by ignorance, or by permission or by the lightness of matter and under canonical sanctions in case of contumacy.

We bless you with all our heart in the Lord.

In Manila, during our joint annual meetings, January 24, 1950.

(Sgd.)Gabriel M. Reyes                                             (Sgd.) Julio R. Rosales

Archbishop of Manila                                                  Bishop of Tagbilaran and

Arch.-Elect of Cebu

(Sgd.) Alfredo Verzossa                                            (Sgd.) Santiago Sancho

Bishop of Lipa                                                             Bishop of Nueva Segovia

»

12th
April

Carta Pastoral de la jerarquía eclesiástica de Filipinas Sobre le Lectura de Un Libro Prohibido

1950, 1950's, Documents

Carta pastoral de la jerarquía eclesiástica de Filipinas sobre la lectura de un libro prohibido

A los M. RR. Curas Parrocos, Encargados de Parroquias, Rectores de Iglesias;

A los M. RR. Rectores de Universidades, Colegios y Escuelas Catolicas;

A los Fieles Todos de Nuestras Respectivas Jurisdicciones:

Muy amados hijos en el Señor:

Nuestro Señor Jesucristo, al derramar su sangre divina sobre la Cruz, dió cumplimiento a la palabra que de antemano había dado a sus Apóstoles: “Cuando yo seré levantado en alto de la tierra, todo lo traeré a mi.” (Jo. XII, 32) Fué aquel el momento en que el príncipe de este mundo fué echado fuera, para que, disipadas las tinieblas que envolvían a la humanidad, se moviesen los hombres con la libertad que infunde la virtud de la Verdad y el atractivo inefable del amor. Al reinado del príncipe de las tinieblas sucedía el reinado de Jesucristo, y a la sociedad de los oprimidos bajo la esclavitud del pecado y de la muerte, sucedía la sociedad de los redimidos bajo la esclavitud del pecado y de la muerte, sucedía la sociedad de los redimidos por la sangre del divino Redentor.

Ese reino, que traspasa todas las fronteras del tiempo y del espacio, porque es el reino de la verdad y de la justicia, el reino de Jesucristo en las almas, sedientas de luz y de felicidad infinitas, que tiene sus raices en la tierra y que dá sus frutos maduros en la eternidad; ese reino, a traves de su larga carrera de triunfos sobre las almas, tropieza siempre con los obstáculos de un saduceismo cruel que teme verse turbado en el goce de su bienestar y sus riquezas, de un fariseismo orgulloso que no se resigna a abdicar de su magisterio, al parecer incontestable, de un sensualismo grosero que ignora por completo los goces y satisfacciones del espíritu. Es la luz que brilla en medio de las tinieblas, de las cuales dice el evangelista San Juan, que “las tinieblas no lograron ofuscarla.” (Jo. I, 5.)

Pero tenemos el testimonio del mismo Jesucristo, que garantiza más claramente el triunfo de la luz. En el capítulo XVI de San Mateo dió un nombre a ese reino divino y lo llamó “su Iglesia” a la cual aseguró el triunfo final por estas palabras: “Tu eres Pedro, y sobre esta piedra edificaré mi Iglesia, y las puertas del infierno no prevalecerán contra ella.” Esa Iglesia, que ve crecer en su seno la cizaña mezclada con el trigo, y los peces venenosos mezclados con los saludables, ha recibido el poder de discernir los elementos perniciosos y el acierto para preservar al elemento sano de la corrupción y del contagio. Porque el mismo Jesucristo, que dió a Pedro la solidez del fundamento inconmovible, le dió también la plenitud de poderes para enseñar, para juzgar, para condenar y para absolver. “Te daré las llaves del reino de los cielos, y todo lo que atares sobre la tierra será también atado en los cielos, y todo lo que desatares en la tierra será tambien desatado en los cielos.” Es el mayordomo fiel que tiene en sus manos todas las llaves del edificio de la Iglesia.

Jesucristo dió esta potestad al Príncipe de los Apóstoles, porque en su sabiduría infinita había determinado poner en sus manos y en las de sus sucesores la continuación de su obra redentora. “Id, les dijo a Pedro y a los demás apóstoles, en el día de la Ascensión, id y enseñad a todas las gentes”; y respondiendo a esta misión, los apóstoles “fueron por todas partes, enseñando y confirmando su doctrina con los milagros que la acompañaban.” (Mac. XVI – 15-20)

Aquella autoridad y aquella misión encomendada por Jesucristo a Pedro y a los demás Apóstoles, se perpetua en el sucesor de Pedro, que es el Romano Pontífice, y en los Obispos, que reciben directamente del Romano Pontífice, la plenitud de la potestad espiritual, y que, como los apóstoles, han sido puestos por el Espíritu Santo para regir la Iglesia de Dios. Esta autoridad no es solamente una prerogativa y un honor: es ante todo un mandato que lleva consigo una responsabilidad gravísima, como lo expresaba ya el apóstol S. Pablo hablando a los presbíteros de Mileto: “Mirad por vosotros y por todo el rebaño en que el Espiritu Santo os ha instituido Obispos, para apacentar la Iglesia del Señor, la cual El ganó con su sangre” (act. XX, 28).

Quisiéramos, amados hijos, detener vuestra atención en estas autorizadas palabras del Apóstol, para mostraros el fundamento en que estriba el celo con que siempre y en todas ocasiones procuramos vuestro bien espiritual y, en la medida de nuestras fuerzas, vuestro bienestar material y temporal; pero ese mismo celo nos mueve a ponderar más bien las palabras que, como un grito de alarma, dirige a continuación a los Obispos de Mileto: “Yo sé que después de mi partida os han de asaltar lobos rapaces que destrocen el rebaño. Y de vosotros mismos se levantarán hombres, que hablan cosas perniciosas para ganar discípulos tras sí” (Act. XX, 29-30) y en aquellas otras con que estimulaba la vigilancia de su discípulo Timoteo, a la sazón obispo de Efeso: “Vendrá tiempo cuando los hombres no podrán sufrir la sana doctrina… y apartarán de la verdad los oidos y los aplicarán a las fábulas” (II Tim. IV, 3-4). Había aprendido el Apóstol en sus luchas contra los adversarios de la Iglesia, que la táctica de estos para hacer prosélitos entre los fieles de Jesucristo, consistiá en comenzar por decir cosas perniciosas contra la autoridad para llevarla al desprestigio, después de lo cual, les era fácil apartalos de la verdad y conducirlos a los errores y falsedades venenosas de sus doctrinas.

No es verdad que en nuestros tiempos somos también testigos, y aun parte interesada de contiendas semejantes a las que denunciaba el Apóstol? En nuestros días se estan multiplicando los esfuerzos por descarriar las inteligencias de los fieles, particularmente de la juventud, obligándolos a imbuirse en el estudio de lecturas que la autoridad eclesiástica no ha dudado en calificar de perniciosas. Nos referimos al esfuerzo que se está poniendo por introducir en las escuelas de segunda enseñanza como lectura de referencia el libro titulado “Pride of the Malay Race”; un libro “tendenciosamente despectivo a las instituciones de la Iglesia Católica, y pernicioso a la salud espiritual de los fieles.” Pues bien, al veredicto pronunciado por la Autoridad Eclesiástica, se ha respondido, con impropias aseveraciones encaminadas a menguar en lo posible el derecho que asiste a dicha Autoridad a intervenir en asuntos que se dice no ser de su incumbencia. Se ha dicho que tal fallo, que para los Católicos debiera ser inapelable, es un atentado contra los derechos del Estado, es ofensivo a la libertad de los individuos y una rémora a los progresos de la cultura y de la ciencia. Y no es esto lo más lamentable; sino que muchos católicos, fascinados por la luz opaca del sofisma y del error, no dudan en apartarse de la sana doctrina y, como dice el Apóstol, “teniendo comezón de oir, se acumulan maestros conforme a sus concupiscencias” (II Tim. IV 3).

El Por Qué Nuestra Intervención.

En medio de la confusión que se ha querido sembrar, a propósito del tema que nos ocupa, nos damos cuenta del peligro de perecer en que se encuentran las almas de los fieles, y consideramos una obligación nuestra, como representantes de la Iglesia de Jesucristo, que es columna y firmamento de la verdad, alzar nuestra voz de Pastores de las almas, cuya suerte espiritual y eterna nos ha sido confiada. Como al profeta Ezequiel en el Antiguo Testamento, el Señor nos dice a los Pastores de su Iglesia: “YO te he puesto por atalaya a la casa de Israel. Oirás, pues, la palabra de mi boca, y amonestarlos has de mi parte. Cuando el justo se apatare de su justicia, e hiciere maldad, él morirá porque tu no le amonestaste, más su sangre demandaré de tu mano. Y si al justo amonestares para que el justo no peque, y no pecare, de cierto vivirá, porque fué amonestado; y tu habrás librado tu alma.” Es,pues, la fidelidad a nuestro deber sagrado, y aun más la caridad de Jesucristo, la que nos urge y estimula a poner ante vosotros el camino de la Verdad.

Ningún Atentado Contra los Derechos del Estado.

Y no se diga que el cumplimiento de nuestros deberes implica atentado alguno contra los derechos del Estado. Como sucesores de los Apóstoles, a quienes el divino Salvador envió a predicar y enseñar a todas las gentes “todo cuanto El les mandó” (Mt. XXVIII, 20), los Obispos de Filipinas no podemos ignorar que uno de los preceptos de Jesucristo, que forma parte muy principal entre las enseñanzas de la Iglesia, es el de dar al César lo que es del César y a Dios lo que es de Dios: que este principio establece la distinción entre dos potestades, suprema cada cual en el orden que le corresponde, y que fija las relaciones que deben existir entre ambas potestades para el bien y prosperidad de la sociedad cristiana. Ahora bien, escribe el Sumo Pontífice León XIII, “Nada más ajeno a la Iglesia de Jesucristo, que siempre y en todo se guía por el espíritu de la caridad, que la oposición a la potestad política, con la cual más bien se esfuerza por trabajar aunando sus fuerzas para la consecución del bien común.” (Annum ingressi sumus, 19 de Marzo de 1902).

Pero no ignoramos tampoco que los intereses espirituales, que trata de promover la Iglesia, obtienen la primacia sobre los intereses materiales y temporales que tutela y promueve el Estado. Lo cual no quiere decir que exista conflicto y oposición entre el bien temporal honesto que promueve el Estado y el bien espiritual que promueve la Iglesia. Ambos tienen su origen en la fuente de la Bondad infinita, que es Dios, de la cual nos es dado participar en este mundo y en el otro. La diferencia está en el camino diverso que ambas potestades señalan para conseguirlos: la Iglesia señala el camino de la Ley Divina, mientras que la Potestad Civil señala el de la ley civil y positiva. Ambas tienen también su principio en la Ley eterna, y por eso ambas conducen o deben conducir al mismo término que es el bien común. Sólo en el caso en que la ley humana se presente, no como expresión de la ley natural, que es la misma ley eterna impresa en la razón humana, sino como expresión del capricho ó de la voluntad de los hombres, puede haber conflicto entre el bien que persigue el Estado y el bien que propugna y trata de conseguir la Iglesia; y en este caso la elección no es difícil de hacer: entre lo que manda la Ley Divina y lo que exige la ley puramente humana, “es menester obedecer a Dios antes que a los hombres” (Act. V. 29).

Los Derechos de la Libertad.

Es cierto que en una democracia como la nuestra, la libertad tiene sus derechos inalienables e intangibles. Digamos sin embargo, que este don inapreciable, que confiere al hombre el dominio de su actividad y de sí mismo, no es un atributo que haya recibido de la democracia, sino que es el resultado natural e innato de su naturaleza racional. Don inestimable y terrible, la libertad puede conducir al hombre, cuando va dirigida por la luz de la razón, a la consecución del bien moral, y por ende, del sumo bien para el que ha sido criado. Pero puede también arrastrarle al mal, a la perturbación del bien común y la condenación eterna. Por eso hay que distinguir entre la libertad natural, que es propia de todos y de solos los seres racionales, y la libertad moral, que está encauzada por la ley y por la conciencia, y tiene su principal apoyo y refuerzo en la gracia. La libertad moral no consiste en la facultad y el derecho de escoger entre el bien y el mal, sino en la facultad de escoger entre varios bienes el mejor, y más a propósito para llegar a la consecución del bien supremo en que consiste el fin del hombre.

Por aquí se comprenderá cuál es nuestra posición frente a la libertad. Si por libertad se entiende la facultad y el derecho de hacer lo que a cada uno le parezca, prescindiendo de toda la ley y de todo freno frente a los atractivos del vicio y del desorden, entonces no podemos menos de reprobarla, como la reprueba la Iglesia; pero si por libertad se entiende la potestad sin límites de obrar en conformidad con las normas de la Ley Eterna y de la ley natural, que es su expresión creada en la razón del hombre, entonces ese don inapreciable hallará siempre en nosotros sus más firmes y decididos defensores.

Libertad de Enseñanza y Peligros para la Juventud.

En nuestros días se propugna el derecho de saberlo todo, de conocerlo todo: nada debe oponerse, conforme a un sentir bastante general, a los derechos y a la autonomía de la razón y de la inteligencia. No se dan cuenta, sin embargo, los que tal pretenden, de que, como enseña el Papa León XIII, “es un absurdo el pensar que el derecho, que es una facultad moral otorgada al hombre por la naturaleza misma, haya de extenderse de igual manera a la verdad y a la mentira, a la honestidad y al vicio.” (Enc. Libertas.)

La inteligencia humana está ordenada a la verdad como a su fin y perfección, y por lo tanto, todo cuanto sea opuesto a la verdad debe desterrarse como contrario a la inclinación natural que el hombre siente hacia su perfección y desarrollo. Y si ésto es cierto cuando se habla en general, lo es mucho más cuando se trata de jóvenes, los cuales, siendo incapaces de juzgar por sí mismos, fácilmente se dejan guiar y convencer por la autoridad del maestro. De ahí la responsabilidad tremenda que contraen los maestros que tratan de imbuir los ánimos de los niños o de los jóvenes con ideas perniciosas, o de poner en sus manos lecturas donde se oculten la inmoralidad o el error. Para esos jóvenes lo que diga el libro será la verdad, y lo que los maestros ordenen será la mejor norma de conducta. Sobre la conciencia de tales maestros y de los autores de tales libros ha de pesar siempre la conducta y los destinos ulteriores de los discípulos; y ese peso abrumador es lo que el divino Salvador quiso dar a entender cuando dijo a sus discípulos: “Cualquiera que escandalizare a alguno de estos mis pequeños, que creen en mí, mejor le fuera que le colgasen del cuello una piedra de molino, y así fuese sumergido en el profundo del mar.” (Mt. XVIII, 6).

Conclusión

En una nación católica como nuestra amada Filipinas se pretende proponer como dechado e ideal de la juventud y de todos los habitantes del Archipiélago al héroe nacional indiscutible, José Rizal, uno de cuyos timbres de gloria, para un sector reducido de la sociedad, es el haber sido, y haber muerto masón; es decir, miembro de una secta expresamente condenada por la Iglesia. A este fin se quiere poner a disposición, en manos de la juventud que frecuenta los centros de segunda enseñanza la biografía del héroe, titulada “Pride of the Malay Race.”

La historia ha demostrado, sin embargo, que, si bien es verdad que nuestro héroe caminó algún tiempo por las sendas del error, tuvo al fin la valentía, inspirada y apoyada por la gracia, de entrar en el camino de la verdad, que es la que realmente dignifica al hombre. Su vuelta a la luz, lejos de desacreditarle, lejos de disminuir sus méritos, no hizo más que agigantarlos en la estimación de las almas sensatas, para las cuales no significa vileza, sino valor y grandeza de ánimo, la resolución generosa de reintegrarse a la senda perdida de la verdad y el bien.

No obstante, la verdad de la retractación de Rizal se niega en ese libro, no por acrecentar la grandeza del héroe, sino a lo que parece, porque no sufra menoscabo el prestigio de la secta. Para justificar esa negación no se ha dudado en tachar de falsos los testimonios de personas honradas, que se limitaron un día a narrar sencillamente la verdad de los hechos; se ha lanzado contra la misma autoridad eclesiástica la acusación de haber forjado un documento que no ha existido; se ha tratado, en una palabra, de esparcir el descrédito de la autoridad para lograr más fácilmente el intento buscado y perseguido.

Este descrédito de las autoridades de la Iglesia, junto con el afán de poner como ideal de los católicos a un campeón de la masonería, es lo que, a primera vista se descubre en la insistencia por introducir en las escuelas el libro que nos ocupa; y por eso, cumpliendo con nuestro deber de vigilar por el bien espiritual de los fieles, prohibimos la lectura y la retención del referido libro, tanto de su original en castellano como de su traducción al inglés, a todos los fieles de nuestras respectivas jurisdicciones, bajo pecado grave (a menos que excuse la ignorancia o la licencia o la parvidad de materia) y bajo sanciones canónicas en caso de contumacia.

De todo corazón os bendecimos en el Señor.

En Manila con ocasión de nuestras juntas anuales, a 24 de Enero de 1950.

(Fdo.)GABRIEL M. REYES

Arzobispo de Manila

(Fdo.)JULIO R. ROSALES

Obispo de Tagbilaran; Arz. Elect. de Cebu

(Fdo.)ALFREDO VERZOSA

Obispo de Lipa

(Fdo.)SANTIAGO SANCHO

Obispo de Nueva Segovia

(Fdo.)CONSTANCIO JURGENS

Obispo de Tuguegarao

(Fdo.)LUIS DEL ROSARIO, SJ

Obispo de Zamboanga

(Fdo.)JAMES T.G. HAYES, SJ

Obispo de Cagayan

(Fdo.)CASIMIRO M. LLADOC

Obispo de Bacolod

(Fdo.)MIGUEL ACEBEDO

Obispo de Calbayog

(Fdo.)MANUEL M. MASCARINAS

Obispo de Palo

(Fdo.)MARIANO MADRIAGA

Obispo de Lingayen

(Fdo.)PEDRO P. SANTOS

Obispo de Nueva Caceres

(Fdo.)JOHN C. VRAKKING, MSC

Obispo de Surigao

(Fdo.)JOSE MA. CUENCO

Obispo de Jaro

(Fdo.)CESAR MA. GUERRERO

Obispo de San Fernando

(Fdo.)WILLIAM BRASSEUR

Vic. Apost. de Prov. Mont.

(Fdo.)RUFINO J. SANTOS

Obispo Aux. de Manila

(Fdo.)ALFREDO OBVIAR

Obispo Aux. de Lipa

(Fdo.)ALEJANDRO OLALIA

Obispo Aux. de Tuguegarao

(Fdo.)JUAN C. SISON

Obispo Aux. de N. Segovia

(Fdo.)LEANDRO N. BOLANDIEZ, AR

Pref. Apost. de Palawan

(Fdo.)HENRY EDERLE, SVD

Pref. Apost. de Mindoro

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23rd
May

Joint Statement of the Catholic Hierarchy of the Philippines on the Book “The Pride of the Malay Race”

1950, 1950's, Documents

Joint Statement of the Catholic Hierarchy of the Philippines on the Book the Pride of the Malay Race

We, the archbishop and bishops of the Philippines, conscious of our responsibilities before God, before the Church and before the Filipino people, and aware of our obligation to protect the faith of our Catholic youth in the public schools, do hereby make known our definite stand on the question concerning Rafael Palma’s book, “The Pride of the Malay Race.” We believe that we would seriously fail in our duty if we did not raise our voice of warning and protest against the attempt by the enemies of the Catholic name to impose on the young people in our public schools the reading of a book written by a well-known anti-Catholic, which is highly offensive to the religious sentiment of over 80 per cent of the population of the Philippines.

We wish to congratulate the Knights of Columbus and personally Justice Manuel Lim for the gallant and courageous fight they have started on their own initiative and practically alone.

But realizing the character and strength of the opposition waged against them, and realizing, further, that their action alone might not bring about the desired results, we have decided to take the matter upon ourselves. This, we do, particularly because some people who call themselves practical Catholics have joined the opposition even with words which we could never expect from Catholics, cognizant alike of the real issue and necessary attitude of their Faith in such a matter, as well as aware of the real dangers and implications of the maneuver cleverly conducted by anti-Catholic elements. While we are not surprised at the attacks coming from our opponents, we are profoundly saddened by statements made by those who proclaim themselves loyal children of the Catholic Church.

We want to make it clear that Catholics are not asking the Government to put a ban on the printing of the book by a private publisher nor the selling of the book by private bookshops.

But we emphatically object –

First, to the printing of 10,000 copies at the expense of the taxpayers, that is, of the Filipino people, 82 per cent of whom are Catholics.

Secondly, to the required reading of such a book by high school children of whom the large majority are Catholics.

Dr. Rizal is our great national hero, and we are second to none in admiring and praising his great contribution to our national independence. The sacrifice of his life will always be a source of great inspiration to the Filipino people and particularly to the Filipino youth.

In the heat of his political struggles, Dr. Rizal left the Church in which he was born and educated, and joined the Masonic sect. However, when he was about to undergo the supreme sacrifice for his country and people, Almighty God in His Mercy, gave him light and strength, and our great hero died, reconciled to the religion of his forefathers.

Against what has already been adjudged by disinterested parties as an unimpeachable documentary evidence, Dr. Palma could only argue with psychological and circumstantial reasoning, which in the fact of such documentary evidence coupled with eye-witness testimony could not be admitted by honest and intelligent historians. Confronted with a strong array of evidence supporting Dr. Rizal’s retraction from his earlier anti-Catholic attitude and abjuration of masonry, Dr. Palma’s argumentation would brand Rizal as a renegade and a man without character. To us, Dr. Rizal’s retraction is a tribute to his noble and sterling character, to his profound sense of honesty. In the last hours of his early life, when he saw truth, he embraced it, laboriously, yes, but without fear of blame or consequences.

Moreover, in retracting his past religious errors, Dr. Rizal did not thereby necessarily retract his political and social ideas – which referred to the freedom and to the greatness of his country. The retraction of his religious errors, therefore, did not diminish his stature as a great patriot; on the contrary, it increased that stature to greatness because in the final analysis, it meant going back to the Faith and the ideals of his fathers, in a word, to the Faith of his own people.

We cannot but denounce Dr. Palma’s book as a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda, and this is confirmed by the fact that the greatest interest in making this book a required reading by high school students at the expense of the taxpayers has been shown by Masonic and anti-Catholic elements.

The effect of the book is not to enhance the glory of our national hero, nor to enlighten the mind of our young students, but to discredit the Catholic Church.

If Catholics oppose such an attempt, they are branded as reactionaries, as enemies of freedom of the press and freedom of expression. The truth is that we have on one side a small minority of anti-Catholics and misled Catholics with arbitrary interpretations; on the other, we have the large majority of the Catholic population with objective evidence. We ask, therefore, all fair-minded and unprejudiced Filipinos whether this imposition on the impressionable and undiscerning minds of our young people is proper to a democratic country or rather to a totalitarian state.

Dr. Palma and his admirers are entitled to their opinion. We are content to let the truth of the fact of Dr. Rizal’s retraction rest in the competent hands of diligent and conscientious historians.

We cannot tolerate the enemies of the Church being permitted to use public funds to impose on our young people false statements, and to cast serious and unfounded accusations against the Jesuit Fathers, who are as high a class of religious, intellectual, honest, hard-working men as any Filipino or group striving for the best interest and cultural progress of the country.

We cannot tolerate seeing our Government unwittingly become the pawn of a small prejudiced minority, at the expense of and against the spiritual interest of the great majority of our religious people. In this stand, we merely testify again to the fact, admitted by all objective observers the world over, that the Catholic Church is today in the forefront in the colossal struggle to save the basic human rights and freedoms.

Catholics of the Philippines, as shepherds of your souls, as the responsible ecclesiastical authorities for your spiritual welfare before God and the Church, we beg of you, in the name of Jesus Christ who died for all of us on the Cross, in the name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who has shown such a special love and predilection for the Philippines, not to be misled by a false and dangerous propaganda. We ask you all, as devout, loyal, faithful children of the Holy Catholic Apostolic Church, to stand united against the vile attack on your religion, and to use all the legal and democratic means to protect the faith of your children. We ask and command all the Catholic organizations, be they national, diocesan or parochial, to do everything in their power to prevent the perpetration of this unjust and anti-democratic insult against our Holy Mother, the Church, this blot on the fair memory of Rizal.

Given on the 6th day of January, in the year of Our Lord, 1950.

(Sgd.)+GABRIEL M. REYES, D.D.

Archbishop of Manila

(Sgd.)+MARIANO MADRIAGA,D.D.

Bishop of Lingayen

(Sgd.)+ALFREDO VERZOSA, D.D.

Bishop of Lipa

(Sgd.)+PEDRO P. SANTOS, D.D.

Bishop of Nueva Caceres

(Sgd.)+SANTIAGO SANCHO, D.D

Bishop of Nueva Segovia

(Sgd.)+JOHN C. VRAKKING, MSC, D.D.

Bishop of Surigao

(Sgd.)+CONSTANCIO JURGENS, D.D.

Bishop of Tuguegarao

(Sgd.)+JOSE MA. CUENCO, D.D.

Bishop of Jaro

(Sgd.)+LUIS DEL ROSARIO, SJ, D.D.

Bishop of Zamboanga

(Sgd.)+JULIO R. ROSALES, D.D.

Bishop of Tagbilaran

(Sgd.)+JAMES T.G. HAYES, SJ, D.D.

Bishop of Cagayan

(Sgd.)+CESAR MA. GUERRERO, D.D.

Bishop of San Fernando

(Sgd.)+CASIMIRO M. LLADOC, D.D.

Bishop of Bacolod

(Sgd.)+WILLIAM BRASSEUR, CICM, D.D.

Vicar Apostolic of Mt. Province

(Sgd.)+MIGUEL ACEBEDO, D.D.

Bishop of Calbayog

(Sgd.)RT. REV. LEANDRO N. BOLANDIEZ, AR

Pref. Apostolic of Palawan

(Sgd.)+MANUEL M. MASCARINAS, D.D.

Bishop of Palo

(Sgd.)RT. REV. HENRY EDERLE, SVD

Pref. Apostolic of Mindoro

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